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Showing posts from March, 2019

What are GGN and GGO?

= GGN Among various types of the small-cell and non-small-cell lung cancers, adenocarcinoma is the most prevalent type, accounting for more than a third of all primary lung tumors. A type of adenocarcinoma known as small peripheral adenocarcinomas aka ground-glass nodule (GGN) is the common radiographic appearance of such small peripheral lung adenocarcinomas. Radiographic Characteristics of GGNs Radiologically speaking, GGN represents a type of pulmonary nodules (i.e., localized increase of attenuation in the lung parenchyma of a X-ray CT image), which does not completely obscure the underlying normal parenchymal structures such as airways, vessels and interlobular septa (i.e., presenting a focal ground-glass opacity or GGO). GGN is also known as subsolid nodule, while those that completely obscure the lung parenchyma are called solid nodules. GGN covers a spectrum between completely-not-solid and almost-solid opacities, which are clinically categorized into two subtypes: p

Term: CADe and CADx

CADe = Computer-aided detection (CADe) system CADx = Computer-aided diagnosis (CADx) system URL:  Computer-aided diagnosis - Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer-aided_diagnosis

MIP Tutorial

Maximum Intensity Projection (MIP) Reconstructions URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qmdl0zckFnw VRT, MIP, & MPR URL:  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1KYFlYyvyNY

What is contrast and non-contrast scans in radiology?

Contrast  materials, also called  contrast  agents or  contrast  media, are used to improve pictures of the inside of the body produced by  x-rays , computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance (MR)  imaging , and  ultrasound . Often, contrast  materials allow the  radiologist  to distinguish normal from abnormal conditions. URL:  https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/pdf/safety-contrast.pdf

What is ground glass nodule in lung?

What is ground glass nodule in lung? Ground - glass  opacity (GGO) is a radiological finding in computed tomography (CT) consisting of a hazy opacity that  does  not obscure the underlying bronchial structures or  pulmonary  vessels (1). Pure GGOs are those with no solid components, whereas part-solid GGOs contain both GGO and a solid component. Nonsolid  ground - glass nodules  are referred to as “pure  ground glass .” Part-solid nodules  are most strongly associated with lung  cancer  detected in screening.  Pulmonary nodules with ground-glass opacity (GGO) are frequently observed and will be increasingly detected. GGO can be observed in both benign and malignant conditions, including lung cancer and its preinvasive lesions. Atypical adenomatous hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma  in situ  are typically manifested as pure GGOs, whereas more advanced adenocarcinomas may include a larger solid component within the GGO region. The natural history of GGOs has been gradually clarified.

What is coronal view in radiology?

In radiology, this refers to one of the view angle. The coronal plane or frontal plane (vertical) divides the body into dorsal and ventral (back and front, or posterior and anterior) portions. The transverse plane or axial plane (lateral, horizontal) divides the body into cranial and caudal (head and tail) portions. URL: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatomical_plane

Anatomical plane

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Coronal or Frontal Plane Axial or Horizontal or Transverse Plane Sagittal or longitudinal Plane Median Plane Parasagittal Plane A parasagittal plane is any plane that divides the body into left and right portions, parallel to the sagittal plane, but not directly in the midline. Thus a parasagittal plane divides the body into unequal left and right portions, but remains parallel to the median or sagittal suture.